Posts Tagged ‘natural gas’
Solar panels to power the entire earth
Efforts in favor of clean energy they are still cautious and discreet, but still draws a future where oil, coal and natural gas become less necessary.
A timely article by TreeHugger announced that manufacturers of solar photovoltaic cells increased their production by 51% in 2009. And while the growth was even higher in 2008, the fact that in recent months have produced more than 10,700 megawatts of solar cells worldwide indicates a foothold in the right direction. A production of these characteristics can power about 5 million homes and today the sun’s energy to reach 100 countries.
Even better news is that renewables are not only a matter of individuals and households, companies also began to soak up sun, and now Walmart, supermarkets and chain stores, announces it will install solar panels between 20 and 30 stores in California and Arizona.
Walmart has hired the firm SolarCity for designing, installing and maintaining solar energy systems that cater to their huge business in 20-30% of the total energy need. Rather than buy the panels, the energy service contract WalMart, as if it were a utility.
For experts it is crucial that the chain has decided to use the services of a leading solar energy, which speaks of his efforts are not just about image but also the safety and long-term commitment to energy revolution.
And while a solar panel no longer a technology somewhat inaccessible to most citizens of the world, energy-saving alternatives begin to be at hand. What are yours.
How natural gas reserves 2011
Energy experts suggest a thorough review of the price of natural gas for the domestic market, because they believe that the “subsidy” is not sustainable current time.
As energy analyst, Carlos Alberto Lopes, declining gas reserves in Bolivia shows that cannot continue with the subsidy and that this system should be changed immediately.
“We do not believe that current gas prices can be managed as a form of subsidy for the low domestic price,” he said Lopes.
Currently, domestic distribution receives natural gas to 1.1 U.S. $ / Miff (including the cost of transport), while the dealer sells it three times this price.
In this context, Hector Garcia, director and partner of Energy Resources Consulting, recommended a revision of the tariff structure and claimed that the producer price should be increased to values close to $ 2 us / MP3.
He noted that the value of transportation in Bolivia is adequate (0.41 $ us / MP3) and the value assigned to the distribution must be analyzed so that the final price did not exceed $ 3 us / MP3.
For his part, Boris Gomez energy consultant explained that the price of natural gas is considered in the regions where it is sold, creating a sort of free market where sales volume prevails agreed to set time.
However, he said that ideally in Bolivia is marketed energy at affordable costs, but through long-term public policy and legal stability.
“While there is no structural solution will continue in that logic is illogical. It is an illusion that eventually must end: to have subsidized fuel and natural gas in the country, but supported with funds from export of raw material is possible, “said Gomez.
Obama’s proposed clean energy in 2035
The U.S. president, Barack Osama, said that much of the next investment in the country will aim to develop clean energy in order to get to 2035 with 80 percent of the production of renewable hand.
As explained by the representative, in addition to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, this goal was set to strengthen the economy and create new jobs.
Along with China, the United States today is a major greenhouse gas emitting nation’s pollutants into the atmosphere, causing global warming. In this sense, it requires a real commitment to this country to reduce its impact on the planet and demonstrate the feasibility of more sustainable development.
Although for many it may seem like a new promise to be on the way, the truth is that Osama targets generated high expectations both for its ecological impact as well as economic. As explained by the president in his State of the Union, “invest in biomedical research, especially in information technology and clean energy, an investment that will strengthen our security, protect our planet and create countless new jobs for our people.”
According to Osama, to fulfill the purpose could be added to the solar wind and other forms of production such as clean coal and natural gas, which are not usually considered clean. Finally, the shift towards new forms of development would be possible thanks to investments by Congress, which should stop subsidizing oil companies to use the money to renewable sources.
Growing World energy demand is years 2030
As you can see in this year, The answers are encouraging and challenging – and vary widely at national and regional. Updated every year, the ExxonMobil Outlook analyzes the trends that will shape the global supply and demand of energy in the coming decades.
In the OECD energy demand flat. Developed economies belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) need energy to fuel continued economic recovery and growth. However, despite economic growth, energy demand in the OECD will be essentially unchanged until 2030.
The fundamental driver of this result is greater efficiency energética.Y efficiency, combined with a shift to cleaner fuels, emissions will decline significantly in the OECD by 2030.
Among non-OECD countries, China will lead a spectacular rise in energy demand and the growing prosperity of its large population is reflected in trends such as the properties of vehicles and increased consumption of electricity in general. Yet in 2030 the per capita energy consumption in non-OECD countries will remain much lower than in OECD countries. The efficiency gain will not be enough to offset this increase in demand and therefore CO2 emissions in countries outside the OECD will continue to increase until 2030.
ExxonMobil expects global energy demand in 2030 will grow about 35 percent more than in 2005. The growth in demand would be much higher – with a 2030 energy consumption almost double 2005 levels – if not for the expected improvements in energy efficiency.
We will have to continue to expand energy sources available to meet this substantial increase in demand. These sources include oil, natural gas and coal, which in 2030 will continue to meet about 80 percent of world energy demand.
Modern renewable fuels – wind, solar and biofuels – will expand significantly. The coal will decline sharply in OECD countries, but remain the dominant fuel for power generation in countries outside the OECD.
Technology will continue to evolve and play a key role in increasing efficiency, expanding supply and mitigation of emissions. These three elements must be pursued with vigor and perseverance in order to fulfill our rational use of energy and global environmental challenges.
How primary energy supply 2010
The 2009 results show some remarkable changes compared to 2008. First, it was observed that the total primary energy supply, i.e. the total amount of energy used by the country to carry out all activities within their borders, decreased by 3.8% over the previous year.
Furthermore, we observed a decline in final consumption sectors, i.e. energy useful for actual applications, which reached 2.4%.
When this information is analyzed in more detail, we can see that this decline is explained mainly by decreases in consumption of industrial and mining sectors and transport, at 3.2% and 4.2% respectively. The only consumer sector showing a slight increase, showing greater resilience to the fall in economic activity is commercial, public and residential, with a positive variation of 2%, which, however, not enough to compensate the fall in consumption of the other two.
It should be noted that this drop in consumption is mainly reflected in the consumption of petroleum and coal, tools that natural gas consumption increased significantly with the coming into operation of the degasification of liquefied natural gas (LNG). Additionally, increased domestic production of primary energy by 6.8% (although less satisfying than a third of total consumption), and reduced total energy imports by 8.8%.
On this occasion, the information presents substantial improvements on previous years; it expanded both the number of surveys requested information. In particular, there was information of enterprises or production facilities to double the number of surveys conducted in previous years. Moreover, the detail of information requested grew to analyze better the penetration of certain technologies such as wind or biomass and the use made of energy.
“The changes respond to a policy outlined by the Ministry of Energy that seeks to improve the quality and coverage of the statistics generated to provide better information to citizens and to meet international requirements in this area. In particular, the country’s accession to the OECD and the recent application to the International Energy Agency (IEA), necessitate the need to build statistics with the highest standards of quality, “said Energy Minister, Ricardo Rainer.
Since October, the Ministry also started officially delivered on a regular basis (monthly and quarterly), information to the International Energy Agency (IEA) on production and consumption of oil, coal, gas, electricity and heat, as well as information prices, especially fuel. The requirements imposed by the release of this information, will require continued efforts to strengthen statistical capacity within the Ministry.
How natural gas reserves 2010
An interpretation of the data submitted by consultants Ryder Scott Company to YPFB by oil analyst and engineer Hugo Del Granados said that the oil companies operating in Bolivia, including the state, had admitted a drop in natural gas reserves.
The methodology used by the U.S. company specializing in measuring oil and gas reserves in addition to requiring documentary verification developed areas also get information from operators indicating their own estimate of volumes of reserves.
Ryder Scott determined, according to the preliminary report that natural gas reserves in Bolivia reached to 8.35 TCF (Trillion Cubic Feet or billions of cubic feet, as in Spanish), while foreign operators found that the stocks reach 11 TCF.
Del Granados said that the third group consulted with expert opinion was that of “associate”, comprised of companies that have business partnerships with operators and between which is itself YPFB.
The “partners”, he pointed out also expressed their technical opinion and determined that the reserves amount to eight TCF.
In conclusion, Ryder Scott pulled out a volume of reserves is estimated between foreign oil companies and the associates.
Del Granados recalled that the president of YPFB, Carlos Villegas, disagreed with the consultant’s report but did not consider in its analysis of the views of oil companies and associates who reported close to data volumes distributed in the preliminary report.
The document reflects the views of foreign oil, associates and the company’s own state.
Describes the fields San Alberto and San Antonio, possessors of the largest reserves of natural gas, the main partner Angina, which, in turn, consists of YPFB and the Spanish Resold.